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Brown Babies
Brown Babies is a term used for children born to black soldiers and white European women during and after World War II. Other names include "war orphans," "war babies," and "occupation babies." In Germany they were known as Mischlingskinder, a derogatory term first used under the Nazi regime for children of mixed Jewish-German marriages.〔() ''Indianapolis Recorder''〕 As of 1955 African-American soldiers in Germany had fathered about 5,000 children in Occupied Germany,〔Camp & Grosse, p. 61.〕 making up a significant minority of the 37,000 illegitimate children of US soldiers overall.〔Kleinschmidt, Johannes. (http://www.lpb-bw.de/publikationen/besatzer/us-pol6.htm "Amerikaner und Deutsche in der Besatzungszeit - Beziehungen und Probleme" )〕 In the United Kingdom, West Indian members of the British forces, as well as African-American US soldiers, fathered "brown babies" born to European-British women.〔Wynn, Neil A. "'Race War': Black American GIs and West Indians in Britain During The Second World War", ''Immigrants & Minorities'' 24 (3), 2006, pp. 324–346. DOI: 0.1080/02619280701337146.〕〔Lee, Sabine. "A Forgotten Legacy of the Second World War: GI children in post-war Britain and Germany," ''Contemporary European History'' 20, pp. 157–181. 2001. .〕
== Germany ==
The postwar years in Europe brought new challenges, including numerous illegitimate children born from unions between occupying soldiers and native women. Often the military discouraged fraternization with the locals and any proposed marriages. As an occupying power, the United States military discouraged its forces from fraternizing with Germans. Under any circumstances, soldiers had to get permission of commanding officers in order to marry overseas. As inter-racial marriages were illegal in most of the United States in the era, commanding officers of the U.S. soldiers forced many such couples to split up, or at least prevented their marriages.
Under German law, illegitimate children became wards of the state. Orphanages and foster parents were paid small stipends to care for abandoned children.〔 After losing their American partners when soldiers were reassigned out of Germany, many single German mothers often had difficulty finding support for their children in the postwar nation. There was discrimination against blacks, as they were identified with the resented occupying forces. Still, a 1951 article in ''Jet'' noted that most mothers did not give up their "brown babies." Some Germans fostered or adopted such children; one German woman established a home for thirty "brown babies."〔"Brown Babies Adopted By Kind German Families," ''Jet,'' 8 November 1951. Vol. 1, No. 2. (15 ). Retrieved from Google Books on November 22, 2011. ISSN 0021-5996.〕
In the decade after the end of the war, numerous illegitimate mixed-race children were put up for adoption. Some were placed with African-American military families in Germany and the United States.〔("'Brown babies' long search for family, identity" ), CNN, 20 November 2011. Retrieved on November 22, 2011.〕 By 1968 Americans had adopted about 7,000 "brown babies."〔 Many of the "brown babies" did not learn of their ethnic German ancestry until they reached adulthood.〔Desmond-Harris, Jenée. "("German 'Brown Babies' Search for Their Roots" ), ''The Root,'' 21 November 2011. Retrieved on November 22, 2011〕 At that time, many such descendants began to search for both their parents. Some have returned to Germany to meet their mothers, if they could trace them. Since the late 20th century, there has been new interest in their stories as part of continuing review of the war and postwar years.
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